Harikrishnan Lakshminarayanan: Difference between revisions

From Your Win Online
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Replaced content with "{{short description|American Internet project developer and Wikipedia co-founder}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Larry Sanger | image = L Sanger.jpg | alt = A bespectacled balding man in a blue shirt with the collar unbuttoned looks straight at the viewer. | caption = Sanger in 2006 | birth_name = Lawrence Mark Sanger | birth_date = {{birth dat...")
Tag: Replaced
Line 16: Line 16:
| known_for          = Co-founding [[Nupedia]], Co-founding [[Wikipedia]], and founding [[Citizendium]]
| known_for          = Co-founding [[Nupedia]], Co-founding [[Wikipedia]], and founding [[Citizendium]]
}}
}}
'''Lawrence Mark Sanger''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|æ|ŋ|ər}};<ref>{{YouTube|zTaY3mg06sU|Western History for Kids, Part 1 – ancient and medieval – Sanger Academy}}, video taken from Sanger's official educational YouTube channel, pronunciation confirmed around 0:10, accessed May 7, 2016</ref> born July 16, 1968) is an American Internet project developer and [[philosopher]] who co-founded the [[online encyclopedia]] [[Wikipedia]] along with [[Jimmy Wales]]. Sanger coined the name 'Wikipedia', and wrote much of Wikipedia's original governing policy, including [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|"Neutral point of view"]] and [[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|"Ignore all rules"]]. Sanger has worked on other online projects, including [[Nupedia]], ''[[Encyclopedia of Earth]]'', [[Citizendium]], WatchKnowLearn, Reading Bear, Infobitt, [[Everipedia]], the Knowledge Standards Foundation and the encyclosphere. He also advised [[blockchain]] company [[Phunware]] and the nonprofit online American political encyclopedia [[Ballotpedia]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=About Dr. Larry Sanger|url=https://encyclosphere.org/larry|access-date=July 23, 2021|website=Knowledge Standards Foundation|date=September 24, 2019|language=en-US}}</ref>
While studying at college, Sanger developed an interest in using the Internet for educational purposes and joined the online encyclopedia [[Nupedia]] as [[editor-in-chief]] in 2000. Disappointed with the slow progress of Nupedia, Sanger proposed using a [[wiki]] to solicit and receive articles to put through Nupedia's peer-review process; this change led to the development and launch of Wikipedia in 2001. Sanger served as Wikipedia's community leader and was the only editorial employee of Wikipedia in its early stages but was laid off and left the project in 2002. Sanger's status as a co-founder of Wikipedia has been questioned by fellow co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]] but is generally accepted.
Since Sanger's departure from Wikipedia, he has been critical of the project, describing it in 2007 as being "broken beyond repair".<ref name="Iain Thomson" /> He has argued that despite its merits, Wikipedia lacks credibility and accuracy due to a lack of respect for expertise and authority. Since 2020, he has criticized Wikipedia for what he perceives as a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] and [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Ideological bias on Wikipedia|ideological bias]] in its articles.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Tel20210716">{{Cite news |last=Sabur |first=Rozina |date=July 16, 2021 |title=The Left has taken over Wikipedia and stripped it of neutrality, says co-creator |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/07/16/wikipedia-dominated-left-wing-establishment-version-truth-co/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/07/16/wikipedia-dominated-left-wing-establishment-version-truth-co/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |issn=0307-1235 |quote=Mr Sanger added that "very little" reference to scandals and allegations against the Bidens, for instance relating to their business dealings in Ukraine, could be found on Wikipedia.}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
In 2006, he founded Citizendium to compete with Wikipedia. In 2010, he stepped down as editor-in-chief. In 2020, he left Citizendium entirely. In 2017, he joined Everipedia as [[chief information officer]] (CTO). He resigned in 2019, to establish the Knowledge Standards Foundation and the encyclosphere. Sanger currently serves as the [[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[Executive director|Executive Director]] of the Knowledge Standards Foundation.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Spence |first=Madeleine |date=August 1, 2021 |title=Larry Sanger: 'I wouldn't trust Wikipedia – and I helped to invent it' |language=en |work=[[The Sunday Times]]|location=London |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/larry-sanger-i-wouldnt-trust-wikipedia-and-i-helped-to-invent-it-cflrhmdhx |url-status=live |access-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210801095207/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/larry-sanger-i-wouldnt-trust-wikipedia-and-i-helped-to-invent-it-cflrhmdhx |archive-date=August 1, 2021 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Encyclosphere Team|url=https://encyclosphere.org/team|access-date=May 2, 2021|website=Encyclosphere|date=September 24, 2019|language=en-US}}</ref>
Sanger's other interests include a focus on [[philosophy]]{{snd}}in particular [[epistemology]], [[early modern philosophy]], and [[ethics]]. He taught philosophy at his alma mater, [[Ohio State University]].
==Early life and education==
Lawrence Mark Sanger was born in [[Bellevue, Washington]], on July 16, 1968.{{sfn|Anderson|p=20|ps=none}} His father Gerry was a [[marine biologist]] who studied [[Seabird|seabirds]] and his mother raised the children.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="Chris Lydgate">{{cite magazine| first = Chris| last = Lydgate| title = Deconstructing Wikipedia| url = http://www.reed.edu/reed_magazine/june2010/features/deconstructing_wikipedia/index.html| magazine = Reed Magazine| date = June 2010| access-date = November 1, 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131101054851/http://www.reed.edu/reed_magazine/june2010/features/deconstructing_wikipedia/index.html| archive-date = November 1, 2013| url-status = live}}</ref> When he was seven years old, his family moved to [[Anchorage, Alaska]], where he grew up.{{sfn|Anderson|p=20|ps=none}}<ref name="Marshall Poe"/> He was interested in philosophical topics at an early age and decided "to study philosophy and make it my life's work" at the age of 16.<ref name="Wade Roush" /><ref name="Alan_Boraas">{{cite news |first=Alan |last=Boraas |title=Hometown kid an Internet revolutionary |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AS&p_theme=as&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_text_search-0=Larry%20AND%20Sanger&s_dispstring=Larry%20Sanger%20AND%20section(all)%20AND%20date(9/2/2006%20to%209/2/2006)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=9/2/2006%20to%209/2/2006) |url-access=subscription |work=[[Anchorage Daily News]] |date=September 2, 2006 |access-date=March 25, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Schwartz2015" />
In high school, he participated in [[debate]], which Sanger says influenced his views on neutrality due to these debates exposing him to different issues and arguments from both sides":<ref name="Schwartz2015" />
{{Quote|text=And so I'd look up articles about those things, and I was always furious when I came across an article that failed to present one side fairly or at all. The worst instances were when [the author] would just come out and say what their position is. It just struck me as being really unfair.}}
Sanger graduated from high school in 1986 and attended [[Reed College]], [[academic major|majoring]] in philosophy.<ref name="Alan_Boraas" /> In college he became interested in the Internet and its potential as a publishing outlet.<ref name="Wade Roush">{{cite news|last=Roush|first=Wade|date=January 1, 2005|title=Larry Sanger's Knowledge Free-for-All|work=[[Technology Review]]|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2005/01/01/231769/larry-sangers-knowledge-free-for-all/|access-date=March 25, 2007}}</ref> Sanger set up a [[listserver]] as a medium for students and tutors to meet for tutoring and "to act as a forum for discussion of tutorials, tutorial methods, and the possibility and merits of a voluntary, free network of individual tutors and students finding each other via the Internet for education outside the traditional university setting".<ref name="Tutor-L">{{cite web |website=Internet Scout |last = Sanger |first = Larry |title = Tutor-L: Higher education outside the universities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123051329/https://scout.wisc.edu/Projects/PastProjects/NH/95-09/95-09-01/0018.html |archive-date=November 23, 2009 |url = http://scout.wisc.edu/Projects/PastProjects/NH/95-09/95-09-01/0018.html |publisher = scout.wisc.edu |date = August 30, 1995 |access-date = March 25, 2007}}</ref> He started and moderated a [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] philosophy discussion list, the Association for Systematic Philosophy.<ref name="Marshall Poe" /><ref name="Schwartz2015" /> In 1994, Sanger wrote a manifesto for the discussion group:{{Quote|The history of philosophy is full of disagreement and confusion. One reaction by philosophers to this state of things is to doubt whether the truth about philosophy can ever be known, or whether there is any such thing as the truth about philosophy. But there is another reaction: one may set out to think more carefully and methodically than one's intellectual forebears.<ref name="Marshall Poe">{{cite news | first = Marshall | last = Poe | title = The Hive | url = https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/2 | work = [[The Atlantic Monthly]] | date = September 2006 | access-date = March 25, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160534/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/2 | archive-date = November 10, 2006 | url-status = live }}</ref>}}
Around 1994, Sanger met Jimmy Wales after subscribing to Wales' [[mailing list]] titled Moderated Discussion of [[Objectivism|Objectivist]] Philosophy (MDOP).<ref name="Schwartz2015">{{cite news|last=Schwartz|first=Zach|date=November 11, 2015|title=Wikipedia's Co-Founder Is Wikipedia's Most Outspoken Critic|url=https://www.vice.com/read/wikipedias-co-founder-is-wikipedias-biggest-critic-511|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114004055/http://www.vice.com/read/wikipedias-co-founder-is-wikipedias-biggest-critic-511|archive-date=November 14, 2015|work=[[Vice (magazine)#Website|Vice]]}}</ref>
Sanger received a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy from Reed in 1991, a Master of Arts from Ohio State University in 1995, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Ohio State University in 2000.<ref name="Glyn Moody" /> Beginning in 1998, he and a friend ran a website called "Sanger and Shannon's Review of Y2K News Reports", a resource for people such as managers of computer systems who were concerned about the [[year 2000 problem]].<ref name="Marshall Poe" />{{sfn|Lih|p=33|ps=none}}
[[Category:Founders of Your Win Online, 1974 Births, Indian Founders]]

Revision as of 12:52, 9 July 2023

Template:Short description Template:Pp-vandalism Template:Use mdy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child= | bodyclass = biography vcard

| above = {{safesubst:#invoke:Separated entries|br}} | abovestyle = font-size:125%;

| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;

| subheader = {{#switch:|yes=|#default={{#if:|{{#if:|

}}{{{native_name}}}{{#if:|

}} }} }}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=L Sanger.jpg|size={{#ifeq:|yes|Template:Minx200px|}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=A bespectacled balding man in a blue shirt with the collar unbuttoned looks straight at the viewer.|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption = Sanger in 2006

| label2 = Pronunciation | data2 =

| label10 = Born | data10 = {{safesubst:#invoke:Separated entries|br}}

| label11 = Bapti{{#if:|z|s}}ed | data11 = {{#if:{{safesubst:#invoke:age|birth_date_and_age}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|ignoreblank=y|preview=Page using Template:Birth date and age with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|unknown={{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = | other | #default = }}|1|2|3|day|month|year|df|mf}}{{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} 

 | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}}
   | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}}
     |
     |
     }}
   }}
 |
 }}

}}||}}

| label12 = Disappeared | data12 = {{safesubst:#invoke:Separated entries|br}}

| label13 = Status | data13 =

| label14 = Died | data14 = {{safesubst:#invoke:Separated entries|br}}

| label15 = Cause of death | data15 =

| label16 = Body discovered | data16 =

| label17 = {{#if:|Burial place|Resting place}} | data17 = {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:Separated entries|br}}|{{safesubst:#invoke:Separated entries|br}}}} | class17 = label

| label18 = Monuments | data18 = | label20 = Nationality | data20 = | class20 = category

| label21 = Other names | data21 = | class21 = nickname

| label22 = Siglum | data22 =

| label23 = Citizenship | data23 = | class23 = category

| label24 = Education | data24 = Reed College (BA)
Ohio State University (MA, PhD)

| label25 = Alma mater | data25 =

| label26 = Occupation{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | data26 = Internet project developer, philosopher | class26 = role

| label27 = Years active | data27 =

| label28 = Era | data28 = | class28 = category

| label29 = Employer{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | data29 = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }} | class29 = org

| label30 = {{#if:|Organisation|Organization}}{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}}}} | data30 = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }} | class30 = org

| label31 = Agent{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | data31 = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }} | class31 = agent

| label32 = Known for | data32 = Co-founding Nupedia, Co-founding Wikipedia, and founding Citizendium

| label33 = Works | data33 =

| label34 = Notable credit{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | data34 = {{#if:||{{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }}}}

| label35 = Label{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | data35 = {{#if:||{{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }}}}

| label36 = Notable work | data36 = {{#if:||}}

| label37 = Style | data37 = | class37 = category

| label40 = Television | data40 =

| label41 = Height | data41 = {{#if: | Template:Convinfobox}}{{#if: | {{#invoke:person height|main}}}}

| label42 = {{#if:|Office|Title}} | data42 = | class42 = title

| label43 = Term | data43 =

| label44 = Predecessor | data44 =

| label45 = Successor | data45 =

| label46 = Political party | data46 = | class46 = org

| label47 = Other political
affiliations | data47 = | class47 = org

| label48 = Movement | data48 = | class48 = category

| label49 = Opponent{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | data49 = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }}

| label50 = Board member of | data50 =

| label51 = {{#if:|Criminal charges|Criminal charge{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}}}} | data51 = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }}

| label52 = Criminal penalty | data52 =

| label53 = {{#if:|Judicial status|Criminal status}} | data53 = {{#if: | {{{judicial_status}}} | }} | class53 = category

| label54 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}}}} | data54 = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }}

| label55 = Partner{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}}}} | data55 = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }}

| label56 = Children | data56 = 2

| label57 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data57 = {{#if:|{{{parents}}}|Template:Unbulleted list}}{{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize}} | other | #default = }}

| label58 = Relatives | data58 =

| label59 = Family | data59 =

| label60 = Call sign | data60 =

| label61 = Awards | data61 =

| label62 = {{#if:|Honours|Honors}} | data62 =

| data64 = | data65 = | data66 = | data67 = | data68 = | data69 =

| label70 = Website | data70 = LarrySanger.org

| header71 = {{#if:|Template:If empty}} | data72 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|sizedefault=150px|alt=}}

| header73 = {{#if:|Notes}}

| data74 = {{#if:|

{{{footnotes}}}

}}

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = [[Category:Pages using Template:If empty with unknown parameters|_VALUE_Harikrishnan Lakshminarayanan]] | other | #default = }}|preview = Page using [[Template:{{#if:||Infobox person}}]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=n | abovestyle | agent | alias | alma mater | alma_mater | alt | awards | baptised | baptized | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | boards | body discovered | body_discovered | burial_coordinates | burial_place | callsign | caption | child | children | citizenship | credits | criminal charge | criminal penalty | criminal status | criminal_charge | criminal_charges | criminal_penalty | criminal_status | death cause | death_cause | death_date | death_place | disappeared_date | disappeared_place | disappeared_status | domestic_partner | domesticpartner | education | embed | employer | era | family | father | footnotes | height | height_cm | height_ft | height_in | height_m | homepage | honorific prefix | honorific suffix | honorific_prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-prefix | honorific-suffix | honors | honours | image | image caption | image size | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | imagesize | judicial status | judicial_status | known | known for | known_for | label_name | landscape | misc | misc2 | misc3 | misc4 | misc5 | misc6 | module | module2 | module3 | module4 | module5 | module6 | monuments | mother | movement | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat_wdimage | notable works | notable_works | occupation | office | opponents | organisation | organization | organizations | other names | other_names | othername | otherparty | parents | partner | partners | partner(s) | party | predecessor | pre-nominals | post-nominals | pronunciation | relations | relatives | resting place | resting place coordinates | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | siglum | signature | signature alt | signature_alt | signature_size | signature_type | spouse | spouses | spouse(s) | status | style | successor | template_name | television | term | title | URL | url | website | works | years active | years_active | yearsactive }}{{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = {{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}

| other | #default = }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | nested = 1 | template = [[Template:{{#if:||Infobox person}}]] | cat = {{#switch: 

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = Category:Pages using Template:If empty with conflicting parameters | other | #default = }} | child; embed | honorific prefix; honorific_prefix; honorific-prefix; pre-nominals | honorific suffix; honorific_suffix; honorific-suffix; post-nominals | image size; image_size; imagesize | image caption; caption; image_caption | birth_name; birthname | baptized; baptised | status; disappeared_status | death cause; death_cause | body discovered; body_discovered | resting place; resting_place; restingplace | resting place coordinates; resting_place_coordinates; restingplacecoordinates | other names; other_names; othername; nickname; alias | alma mater; alma_mater | years active; years_active; yearsactive | organisation; organization; organizations | known for= known_for; known | {{#if:|works;}} {{#if:|credits;}} {{#if:|label_name;}} notable works; notable_works | height_m; height_cm | office; title | criminal_charges; criminal charge; criminal_charge | criminal penalty; criminal_penalty | judicial status; judicial_status | criminal status; criminal_status | spouse; spouses; spouse(s) | partner; domesticpartner; domestic_partner; partners; partner(s) | {{#if:||NULL_}}parents; {{#if:||NULL_}}father | {{#if:||NULL_}}parents; {{#if:||NULL_}}mother | relations; relatives | honours; honors | misc; module | misc2; module2 | misc3; module3 | misc4; module4 | misc5; module5 | misc6; module6 | website; homepage; URL; url }}{{#ifeq:|yes||Template:Wikidata image}}

Retrieved from "https://yourwin.online/wiki/index.php?title=Harikrishnan_Lakshminarayanan&oldid=23"